from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
url = 'https://www.tutorialspoint.com/beautiful_soup/index.htm'
req = requests.get(url)
# Parse the page using Beautiful constructor using a string method
soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, 'html.parser')
print(soup.title)
<title>Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint</title>
print(soup.href)
None
for link in soup.find_all('a'):
print(link.get('href'))
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/online_dev_tools.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/current_affairs.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/upsc_ias_exams.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tutor_connect/index.php https://www.tutorialspoint.com/whiteboard.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/netmeeting.php https://www.tutorix.com /videotutorials/login.php /videotutorials/subscription.php https://www.facebook.com/tutorialspointindia https://www.twitter.com/tutorialspoint https://www.linkedin.com/company/tutorialspoint https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVLbzhxVTiTLiVKeGV7WEBg https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm None /academic_tutorials.htm /big_data_tutorials.htm /computer_programming_tutorials.htm /computer_science_tutorials.htm /database_tutorials.htm /devops_tutorials.htm /digital_marketing_tutorials.htm /engineering_tutorials.htm /upsc_ias_exams.htm /famous_monuments.htm /gate_exams_tutorials.htm /latest_technologies.htm /machine_learning_tutorials.htm /mainframe_tutorials.htm /management_tutorials.htm /maths_tutorials.htm /microsoft_technologies_tutorials.htm /misc_tutorials.htm /mobile_development_tutorials.htm /java_technology_tutorials.htm /python_technologies_tutorials.htm /sap_tutorials.htm /scripting_lnaguage_tutorials.htm /selected_reading.htm /software_quality_tutorials.htm /soft_skill_tutorials.htm /telecom_tutorials.htm /upsc_ias_exams.htm /web_development_tutorials.htm /sports_tutorials.htm /xml_technologies_tutorials.htm /multi_language_tutorials.htm /questions_and_answers.htm javascript:void(0); https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tutorialslibrary.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/videotutorials/index.php https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php https://store.tutorialspoint.com https://www.tutorialspoint.com/videotutorials/login.php https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tutorialslibrary.htm https://www.tutorialspoint.com/videotutorials/index.php https://store.tutorialspoint.com /beautiful_soup/index.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_overview.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_installation.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_souping_the_page.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_kinds_of_objects.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_navigating_by_tags.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_searching_the_tree.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_modifying_the_tree.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_encoding.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_beautiful_objects.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_parsing_only_section_of_a_document.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_trouble_shooting.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_quick_guide.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_useful_resources.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_discussion.htm /upsc_ias_exams.htm /developers_best_practices/index.htm /questions_and_answers.htm /effective_resume_writing.htm /hr_interview_questions/index.htm /computer_glossary.htm /computer_whoiswho.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_pdf_version.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_quick_guide.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_useful_resources.htm /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_discussion.htm /beautiful_soup/index.htm javascript:printPage(); /beautiful_soup/beautiful_soup_overview.htm javascript:printPage(); javascript:void(0) javascript:void(0) javascript:void(0); javascript:void(0); javascript:void(0); javascript:void(0); /videotutorials/dashboard.php /videotutorials/userlogout.php /index.htm /about/index.htm /about/return_refund_policy.htm /about/about_terms_of_use.htm /about/about_privacy.htm /about/faq.htm /about/contact_us.htm
# Souping the Page
with open("./Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint.html") as fp:
soup = BeautifulSoup(fp)
print(soup)
<!DOCTYPE html>
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He,qe;(qe=He=He||{}).Native="native",qe.Banner="banner",qe.Video="video";var We=(Ke.prototype.hasValidNativeParams=function(e){return!(e.nativeParams&&(e.nativeParams.image&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.image.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.image.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.icon&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.icon.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.icon.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.clickUrl&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.clickUrl.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.clickUrl.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.displayUrl&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.displayUrl.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.displayUrl.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.privacyLink&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.privacyLink.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.privacyLink.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.privacyIcon&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.privacyIcon.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.privacyIcon.sendTargetingKeys)))},Ke.prototype.buildCdbUrl=function(){return this.url},Ke.prototype.buildCdbRequest=function(){if(this.cache.silentModeEnabled())return M.Debug("Request ignored because the global silent mode is enabled"),void this.metricsManager.incSilentModeRequestCount();if(this.requestBuilder.isValid()){var e=Math.min((this.timeout||5e3)+1e3,5e3);return this.adBlockFlagManager.setAdBlockFlagTimer(e),this.timer.sendRequest(this.url),this.requestBuilder.getRequest()}M.Debug("Request ignored because it doesnt contain any slot")},Ke.GetAllAdapters=function(){return(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters},Ke.GetAdapter=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e?e:e.bidRequests[0].auctionId,i=Ke.GetAllAdapters();if(i&&t in i)return i[t]},Ke.createCriteoNativeAdWithCallback=function(e,t,i){var n=r(e);return window.criteo_prebid_native_slots=window.criteo_prebid_native_slots||{},window.criteo_prebid_native_slots[n]={callback:i,payload:t},'<script type="text/javascript">\n var win = window;\n for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {\n win = win.parent;\n if (win.criteo_prebid_native_slots) {\n var responseSlot = win.criteo_prebid_native_slots["'+n+'"];\n responseSlot.callback(responseSlot.payload);\n break;\n }\n }\n <\/script>'},Ke.createPrebidNativeAd=function(e){return{sendTargetingKeys:!1,title:e.products[0].title,body:e.products[0].description,sponsoredBy:e.advertiser.description,icon:e.advertiser.logo,image:e.products[0].image,clickUrl:e.products[0].click_url,privacyLink:e.privacy.optout_click_url,privacyIcon:e.privacy.optout_image_url,cta:e.products[0].call_to_action,price:e.products[0].price,impressionTrackers:e.impression_pixels.map(function(e){return e.url})}},Ke.prototype.getBidRequestForSlot=function(e){for(var t=0,i=this.bidRequests;t<i.length;t++){var n=i[t];if(n.adUnitCode===e.impid&&(!n.params.zoneId||parseInt(n.params.zoneId,10)===e.zoneid))return n}},Ke.prototype.getSlotForAdUnitCode=function(e){for(var t=0,i=this.slots;t<i.length;t++){var n=i[t];if(n&&n.impId===e)return n}},Ke.getVideoInfoFromBidRequest=function(e){if(Ke.hasVideoMediaType(e))return new ne(e.mediaTypes.video.playerSize,e.mediaTypes.video.mimes,e.mediaTypes.video.protocols,e.mediaTypes.video.maxduration,e.mediaTypes.video.api,e.params.video.skip,e.params.video.placement,e.params.video.playbackmethod,e.params.video.minduration,e.params.video.startdelay)},Ke.hasVideoMediaType=function(e){return void 0!==e.params&&void 0!==e.params.video&&!(void 0===e.mediaTypes||void 0===e.mediaTypes.video)},Ke.prototype.interpretResponse=function(e,t){var i=window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag;this.timer.requestReceived(),this.adBlockFlagManager.disableAdBlockFlagTimer();var n=ee(e),o={};if(void 0!==n.slots)for(var r=0,s=n.slots;r<s.length;r++)o[(w=s[r]).imp_id]=w;var a,d,c,l,u,p,h,v,g,f,m,y=[];if(e.slots&&Array.isArray(e.slots))for(var C=0,E=e.slots;C<E.length;C++){var w=E[C],b=this.getBidRequestForSlot(w);if(b)if(!0===i.context.isAdBlocked){if(void 0!==(a=w.slotid,d=w.impid,c=w.cpm,l=w.width,u=w.height,p=w.zoneid,h=b.params.nativeCallback,v=w.native,g=w.displayurl,f=w.creative,m=w.deal,A=void 0!==h&&void 0!==v?new D(a,d,c,l,u,p,h,v,m):void 0===g||void 0!==f&&"<script"!==f.substr(0,7)?void 0!==f?new x(a,d,c,l,u,p,f,m):void 0:new P(a,d,c,l,u,p,g,m))&&X.tryInsertPlaceholder(b.adUnitCode,!0,i.context.cloneByImpressionId)){var I=X.insertAdIFrame(b.adUnitCode,i.context.cloneByImpressionId);if(null!=I){var _=new R(I.contentDocument);A.GenerateEvent(_).eval(window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106)}}}else{var S=b.bidId,T=w.ttl||o[w.slotid]&&o[w.slotid].ttl||60,A={requestId:S,adId:te(),cpm:w.cpm,currency:w.currency,netRevenue:!0,ttl:T,creativeId:S,width:w.width,height:w.height,dealId:w.deal};w.native?b.params.nativeCallback?A.ad=Ke.createCriteoNativeAdWithCallback(S,w.native,b.params.nativeCallback):(A.native=Ke.createPrebidNativeAd(w.native),A.mediaType=He.Native):w.video?(A.vastUrl=w.displayurl,A.mediaType=He.Video):A.ad=w.creative,y.push(A)}else M.Error("Unable to bid request for slot "+w)}return this.cache.handleResponse(this.slots,e,n,!1),this.timer.finish(),this.metricsManager.sendEvents(this.metricBuilder,this.clientRequestId,!0),this.cache.clearExpiredItems(),!0===e.user_sync&&Ne.execUserSync(i.context.remoteLogging,this.gdprConsent,this.ccpaIabConsent,e),y},Ke.prototype.handleBidWon=function(){},Ke.prototype.handleBidTimeout=function(){this.timer.requestReceived(!0),this.timer.finish(),this.metricsManager.sendEvents(this.metricBuilder,this.clientRequestId,!0),this.cache.clearExpiredItems()},Ke.prototype.handleSetTargeting=function(){},Ke.prototype.getBannerSizes=function(e){var t,i;return(null===(i=null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.banner)||void 0===i?void 0:i.sizes)||e.sizes||[]},Ke.prototype.getNativeSizes=function(e){var t,i,n;return(null===(n=null===(i=null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.native)||void 0===i?void 0:i.image)||void 0===n?void 0:n.sizes)||[]},Ke.prototype.getSizes=function(e){var t,i=this.getBannerSizes(e).map(function(e){return new de(e[0],e[1])}),n=this.getNativeSizes(e).map(function(e){return new de(e[0],e[1])}),o=i.concat(n);return(null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.native)&&(0===o.length?o=[new de(2,2)]:o.forEach(function(e,t,i){void 0===e.height&&void 0===e.width&&(i[t]=new de(2,2))})),o.filter(function(e,t,i){return i.indexOf(e)===t})},Ke.prototype.getFloorsForSizes=function(e,o,r){var s={},t=r.getFloor({currency:"USD",size:"*",mediaType:o});if("USD"!==t.currency)throw new Error("Currency for floors is not in USD, or cannot be converted to USD");return s["*"]=t.floor,e.forEach(function(e,t,i){var n=new de(e[0],e[1]);s[n.toString()]=r.getFloor({currency:"USD",size:e,mediaType:o}).floor}),s},Ke);function Ke(e,t,i,n,o){var r,s,a,d=window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag;this.clientRequestId=te(),this.gdprConsent={},n.gdprConsent&&(void 0!==n.gdprConsent.consentString&&(this.gdprConsent.consentData=n.gdprConsent.consentString),void 0!==n.gdprConsent.gdprApplies&&(this.gdprConsent.gdprApplies=!!n.gdprConsent.gdprApplies),this.gdprConsent.version=n.gdprConsent.apiVersion),this.ccpaIabConsent={uspString:n.uspConsent};var c=new me(void 0,this.gdprConsent);this.timeout=le(n.timeout),this.metricsManager=new j(c),this.metricBuilder=new k(this.metricsManager),this.timer=new se(this.metricBuilder,n.start,this.timeout);var l,u,p=new ge;this.adBlockFlagManager=S.create(c),this.adBlockFlagManager.adBlockFlagEnabled()&&(e=280,d.context.isAdBlocked=!0),this.auctionId=n.auctionId,this.bidRequests=i,this.slots=[];for(var h,v=!0,g=0,f=i;g<f.length;g++){var m=void 0;(w=f[g]).fpd&&w.fpd.context&&(m=w.fpd.context),w.params.ext&&(m=_(_({},m),w.params.ext)),v=this.hasValidNativeParams(w);try{var y={};if(w.getFloor&&((null===(r=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===r?void 0:r.banner)&&(y.banner=this.getFloorsForSizes(this.getBannerSizes(w),"banner",w)),(null===(s=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===s?void 0:s.native)&&(y.native=this.getFloorsForSizes(this.getNativeSizes(w),"native",w)),null===(a=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===a?void 0:a.video)){var C=w.mediaTypes.video.playerSize||[];y.video=0<C.length&&"number"==typeof C[0]?this.getFloorsForSizes([C],"video",w):this.getFloorsForSizes(C,"video",w)}Object.keys(y).length&&(m=_(_({},m),{floors:y}))}catch(e){M.Debug("Could not parse floors from Prebid: "+e)}this.slots.push(new ie(w.adUnitCode,w.params.zoneId,w.params.nativeCallback,w.transactionId,this.getSizes(w),w.params.publisherSubId,w.mediaTypes,Ke.getVideoInfoFromBidRequest(w),m)),l=w.params.networkId||l,h=n.ceh,(window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag).context.ceh=h,w.params.integrationMode&&(u=q(w.params.integrationMode))}v||M.Warning("All native assets containing URL should be sent as placeholders with sendId(icon, image, clickUrl, privacyLink, privacyIcon)");var E,w,b=new K(!1);0<i.length&&(w=i[0]).userIdAsEids&&0<w.userIdAsEids.length&&(E=w.userIdAsEids);"function"==typeof d.context.setPublisherExt&&"function"==typeof d.context.setUserExt?(d.context.setPublisherExt(n.publisherExt),d.context.setUserExt(n.userExt)):(d.context.publisherExt=n.publisherExt,d.context.userExt=n.userExt);var I=De.useZoneIdIntegration(this.slots,l);this.cache=new T(new Ce(c),new De(c,I,l),d.context),this.requestBuilder=new Q(this.cache.filterNoBidSlots(this.slots),d.context,b,e,u,l,t,{ccpaIabConsent:this.ccpaIabConsent,gdprConsent:this.gdprConsent},o,p,this.timeout,this.clientRequestId,E,n.start),this.url=this.requestBuilder.getUrl(),(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters=(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters||{},(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters[this.auctionId]=this}function ze(e){try{return JSON.parse(e)}catch(e){return}}var Ge=(Ve.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__uspapiLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Ve.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInWindow=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__uspapi},Ve.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInWindow()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Ve.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve CCPA consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout);this.executeCommand("getUSPData",1,function(e,t){o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("CCPA consent retrieved"),n.processResponseData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving CCPA consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))})},Ve.prototype.processResponseData=function(e,t){e?t(e):(this.logger("Unable to read CCPA consent data from CMP"),t(void 0))},Ve.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i){var r=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInWindow()){this.logger("No CCPA CMP defined on current frame");var s=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__uspapi=function(e,t,i){if(!s)return r.logger("CCPA CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"CCPA CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var n=Math.random().toString(10),o={__uspapiCall:{command:e,parameter:t,callId:n}};r.uspapiCallbacks[n]=i,s.postMessage(o,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__uspapiReturn&&t.__uspapiReturn.callId&&t.__uspapiReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__uspapiReturn;r.uspapiCallbacks&&r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId]&&(r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId](i.returnValue,i.success),delete r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId])}},!1)}this.currentWindow.__uspapi(e,t,i)},Ve.prototype.hasUserOptOut=function(e){return!(!e||!e.uspString||"1YNY"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1YNN"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1YN-"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1-N-"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1---"===e.uspString)},Ve);function Ve(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.uspapiCallbacks={},this.currentWindow=e,this.timeout=t.uspApiTimeout,this.logger=i}var Ye=(je.prototype.getReadyToRetrieveProvider=function(){return this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()?this.tcfv2ConsentProvider:this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider:void 0!==this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.getCMPFrame()?this.tcfv2ConsentProvider:void 0!==this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.getCMPFrame()?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider:void 0},je.prototype.retrieveConsentForPassback=function(e){var t=this.getReadyToRetrieveProvider();void 0===t&&(this.logger("No compatible GDPR privacy provider found"),e(void 0)),t===this.tcfv1ConsentProvider?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.retrieveConsentForPassback(e):t===this.tcfv2ConsentProvider&&this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.retrieveConsent(e)},je.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(e){var t=this.getReadyToRetrieveProvider();void 0===t&&(this.logger("No compatible GDPR privacy provider found"),e(void 0)),null==t||t.retrieveConsent(e)},je.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve()||this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve()},je);function je(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.tcfv1ConsentProvider=e,this.tcfv2ConsentProvider=t,this.logger=i}var Je=(Xe.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__cmpLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Xe.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInFrame=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__cmp},Xe.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Xe.prototype.pingWithTimeout=function(n,e,t,i){function o(e,t){r.logger(t),clearTimeout(e),i()}var r=this;return window.setTimeout(function(){var i=window.setTimeout(function(){o(n,"Timeout: Unable to get ping return after "+e+"ms")},e);r.executeCommand("ping",null,function(e,t){clearTimeout(i),t?(r.logger("GDPR CMP ping returned"),!0!==e.cmpLoaded&&o(n,"GDPR ping returned cmpLoaded which is not true"),r.logger("GDPR ping returned cmpLoaded which is true")):o(n,"Error sending ping to GDPR CMP")})},t)},Xe.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(e){this.executeRetrieveConsent("getConsentData",null,e)},Xe.prototype.retrieveConsentForPassback=function(e){this.executeRetrieveConsent("getVendorConsents",[91],e)},Xe.prototype.executeRetrieveConsent=function(e,t,i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve GDPR consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout),s=!1!==this.cmpAutoDetect?this.pingWithTimeout(r,this.pingTimeout,this.pingDelay,function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to ping GDPR API after "+n.pingTimeout+"ms"),i(void 0)}):void 0;this.executeCommand(e,t,function(e,t){clearTimeout(s),o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("GDPR consent retrieved"),n.processConsentData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving GDPR consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))})},Xe.prototype.processConsentData=function(e,t){if(e){var i={};void 0!==e.consentData&&(i.consentData=e.consentData),void 0!==e.gdprApplies&&(i.gdprApplies=!!e.gdprApplies),t(i)}else this.logger("Unable to read GDPR consent data from CMP"),t(void 0)},Xe.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i){var r=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()){this.logger("No GDPR CMP defined on current frame");var s=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__cmp=function(e,t,i){if(!s)return r.logger("GDPR CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"GDPR CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var n=Math.random().toString(10),o={__cmpCall:{command:e,parameter:t,callId:n}};r.cmpCallbacks[n]=i,s.postMessage(o,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__cmpReturn&&t.__cmpReturn.callId&&t.__cmpReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__cmpReturn;r.cmpCallbacks&&r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId]&&(r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId](i.returnValue,i.success),delete r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId])}},!1)}this.currentWindow.__cmp(e,t,i)},Xe);function Xe(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.cmpCallbacks={},this.currentWindow=e,this.timeout=t.tcfTimeout,this.pingTimeout=t.tcfPingTimeout,this.pingDelay=t.tcfPingDelay,this.cmpAutoDetect=t.cmpAutoDetect,this.logger=i}var Ze=(Qe.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__tcfapiLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Qe.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInFrame=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__tcfapi},Qe.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Qe.prototype.pingWithTimeout=function(i,e,t,n){function o(e,t){r.logger(t),clearTimeout(e),n()}var r=this;return window.setTimeout(function(){var t=window.setTimeout(function(){o(i,"Timeout: Unable to get TCFv2 ping return after "+e+"ms")},e);r.executeCommand("ping",2,function(e){clearTimeout(t),r.logger("TCFv2 CMP ping returned in ms"),"error"===e.cmpStatus?o(i,"Error status on ping to TCFv2 CMP"):!0!==e.cmpLoaded?o(i,"TCFv2 ping returned cmpLoaded = false"):r.logger("TCFv2 ping returned cmpLoaded = true")})},t)},Qe.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve TCFv2 consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout),s=!1!==this.cmpAutoDetect?this.pingWithTimeout(r,this.pingTimeout,this.pingDelay,function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to ping TCFv2 API after "+n.pingTimeout+"ms"),i(void 0)}):void 0;this.executeCommand("getTCData",2,function(e,t){clearTimeout(s),o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("TCFv2 consent retrieved in ms"),n.processResponseData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving TCFv2 consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))},[91])},Qe.prototype.processResponseData=function(e,t){var i;if(e){var n={};void 0!==e.tcString&&(n.consentData=e.tcString),void 0!==e.gdprApplies&&(n.gdprApplies=!!e.gdprApplies),n.version=e.tcfPolicyVersion?e.tcfPolicyVersion:2,n.purposes=null===(i=null==e?void 0:e.purpose)||void 0===i?void 0:i.consents,t(n)}else this.logger("Unable to read GDPR consent data from CMP"),t(void 0)},Qe.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i,n){var s=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()){this.logger("No TCFv2 CMP defined on current frame");var a=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__tcfapi=function(e,t,i,n){if(!a)return s.logger("TCFv2 CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"TCFv2 CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var o=Math.random().toString(10),r={__tcfapiCall:{command:e,version:t,parameter:n,callId:o}};s.cmpCallbacks[o]=i,a.postMessage(r,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__tcfapiReturn&&t.__tcfapiReturn.callId&&t.__tcfapiReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__tcfapiReturn;s.cmpCallbacks&&s.cmpCallbacks[i.callId]&&"function"==typeof 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<h1>Beautiful Soup Tutorial</h1>
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<p>In this tutorial, we will show you, how to perform web scraping in Python using Beautiful Soup 4 for getting data out of HTML, XML and other markup languages. In this we will try to scrap webpage from various different websites (including IMDB). We will cover beautiful soup 4, python basic tools for efficiently and clearly navigating, searching and parsing HTML web page. We have tried to cover almost all the functionalities of Beautiful Soup 4 in this tutorial. You can combine multiple functionalities introduced in this tutorial into one bigger program to capture multiple meaningful data from the website into some other sub-program as input.</p>
<h1>Audience</h1>
<p>This tutorial is basically designed to guide you in scarping a web page. Basic requirement of all this is to get meaningful data out of huge unorganized set of data. The target audience of this tutorial can be anyone of:</p>
<ul class="list">
<li><p>Anyone who wants to know – how to scrap webpage in python using BeautifulSoup 4.</p></li>
<li><p>Any data science developer/enthusiasts or anyone, how wants to use this scraped (meaningful) data to different python data science libraries to make better decision.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1>Prerequisites</h1>
<p>Though there is NO mandatory requirement to have for this tutorial. However, if you have any or all (supercool) prior knowledge on any below mentioned technologies that will be an added advantage −</p>
<ul class="list">
<li><p>Knowledge of any web related technologies (HTML/CSS/Document object Model etc.).</p></li>
<li><p>Python Language (as it is the python package).</p></li>
<li><p>Developers who have any prior knowledge of scraping in any language.</p></li>
<li><p>Basic understanding of HTML tree structure.</p></li>
</ul>
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</header>
print(soup.body.p)
<p>In this tutorial, we will show you, how to perform web scraping in Python using Beautiful Soup 4 for getting data out of HTML, XML and other markup languages. In this we will try to scrap webpage from various different websites (including IMDB). We will cover beautiful soup 4, python basic tools for efficiently and clearly navigating, searching and parsing HTML web page. We have tried to cover almost all the functionalities of Beautiful Soup 4 in this tutorial. You can combine multiple functionalities introduced in this tutorial into one bigger program to capture multiple meaningful data from the website into some other sub-program as input.</p>
# Kinds of Objects
tag = soup.html
type(tag)
bs4.element.Tag
## Name (tag.name)
tag.name
'html'
tag.name = 'Strong'
tag
<Strong lang="en-US"><head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><script async="" src="./Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint_files/publishertag.prebid.js.download" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="./Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint_files/osd.js.download"></script><script async="" src="./Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint_files/bbplayer.js.download" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";var n=function(e,t){return(n=Object.setPrototypeOf||{__proto__:[]}instanceof Array&&function(e,t){e.__proto__=t}||function(e,t){for(var i in t)t.hasOwnProperty(i)&&(e[i]=t[i])})(e,t)};function e(e,t){function i(){this.constructor=e}n(e,t),e.prototype=null===t?Object.create(t):(i.prototype=t.prototype,new i)}var _=function(){return(_=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++)for(var o in t=arguments[i])Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,o)&&(e[o]=t[o]);return e}).apply(this,arguments)};var i=(o.prototype.isAdBlocked=function(e){var t=this;this.createPixel(o.allowedPixelUrl,function(){(t.allowedPixelLoaded=!0)===t.blockedPixelFailed&&e(!0)},function(){}),this.createPixel(o.blockedPixelUrl,function(){e(!1)},function(){(t.blockedPixelFailed=!0)===t.allowedPixelLoaded&&e(!0)})},o.prototype.createPixel=function(e,t,i){var n=document.createElement("img");n.src=e,n.height=1,n.width=1,n.style.display="none",n.onload=t,n.onerror=i},o.allowedPixelUrl="https://static.criteo.net/images/pixel.gif?ch=1",o.blockedPixelUrl="https://static.criteo.net/images/pixel.gif?ch=2",o);function o(){this.allowedPixelLoaded=!1,this.blockedPixelFailed=!1}var S=(t.create=function(e){return new t(e)},t.prototype.adBlockFlagEnabled=function(){var e=t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_KEY;return null!==this.localStorageHelper.getItem(e)},t.prototype.enableAdBlockFlag=function(){var e=t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_KEY;this.localStorageHelper.setItem(e,"1",t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_LIFETIME)},t.prototype.disableAdBlockFlag=function(){var e=t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_KEY;this.localStorageHelper.removeItem(e)},t.prototype.setAdBlockFlagTimer=function(e){var t=this;this.adBlockFlagEnabled()||!this.timerEnabled||this.timerStarted||(this.timerStarted=!0,setTimeout(function(){t.timerEnabled&&(t.refreshAdblockFlag(),t.timerEnabled=!1)},e))},t.prototype.disableAdBlockFlagTimer=function(){this.timerEnabled=!1,this.adBlockFlagEnabled()&&this.refreshAdblockFlag()},t.prototype.refreshAdblockFlag=function(){var t=this;(new i).isAdBlocked(function(e){e?t.enableAdBlockFlag():t.disableAdBlockFlag()})},t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_KEY="criteo_adblock_flag",t.ADBLOCK_FLAG_LIFETIME=864e5,t);function t(e){this.timerEnabled=!0,this.timerStarted=!1,this.localStorageHelper=e}function r(e){return e.replace(/</g,"<").replace(/>/g,">").replace(/"/g,""")}var s,u,a,R=(e(d,s=function(){}),d.prototype.ResizeFrame=function(e,t){if(this.document.defaultView&&this.document.defaultView.frameElement){var i=this.document.defaultView.frameElement;i.width=e.toString(),i.height=t.toString()}},d.prototype.Write=function(e){this.document.open(),this.document.write(e),this.document.close()},d.prototype.LoadScript=function(e){this.Write("<script type='text/javascript' src='"+r(e)+"'><\/script>")},d);function d(e){var t=s.call(this)||this;return t.document=e,t}(a=u=u||{})[a.Error=0]="Error",a[a.Warning=1]="Warning",a[a.Debug=2]="Debug";var c=["color: #fff;","background: #ff8f1c;","display: inline-block;","padding: 1px 4px;","border-radius: 3px;"].join(" "),M=(l.Log=function(e,t){if(!(l.LOGLEVEL<e)){var i=u[e].toUpperCase(),n=window.navigator.userAgent,o=0<n.indexOf("MSIE ")||0<n.indexOf("Trident/");window.console&&(o?console.log("[PubTag] "+i+": "+t):console.log("%cPubTag",c,i+": "+t))}},l.Debug=function(e){l.Log(u.Debug,e)},l.Warning=function(e){l.Log(u.Warning,e)},l.Error=function(e){l.Log(u.Error,e)},l.LOGLEVEL=u.Error,l);function l(){}var T=(p.prototype.filterNoBidSlots=function(e){var t=this.bidManager.filterNoBidSlots(e);return this.context.shouldIgnoreSilentMode?(t.length!==e.length&&this.context.setSilentModeIgnored&&this.context.setSilentModeIgnored(),e):t},p.prototype.silentModeEnabled=function(){var e=!1;return this.silentModeManager.silentModeEnabled()&&(this.context.shouldIgnoreSilentMode&&this.context.setSilentModeIgnored?this.context.setSilentModeIgnored():e=!0),e},p.prototype.getCachedBids=function(e){return this.bidManager.getRequestCachedBids(e)},p.prototype.removeBid=function(e){this.bidManager.removeBid(e)},p.prototype.handleResponse=function(e,t,i,n){var o=i.time_to_next_call;0<o&&(M.Debug("Global silent mode enabled for "+o+" seconds"),this.silentModeManager.enableSilentMode(1e3*o));var r={};if(i.slots)for(var s=0,a=i.slots;s<a.length;s++)(f=a[s]).ttl&&(r[f.imp_id]=f.ttl);var d=[];if(t.slots)for(var c=0,l=t.slots;c<l.length;c++){var u=0;(f=l[c]).slotid in r&&(u=r[f.slotid],delete r[f.slotid]),0<u&&(M.Debug("Bid for slot '"+f.impid+"' cached for "+u+" seconds"),d.push({slot:f,ttl:u}))}this.bidManager.storeResponseBids(d);var p=[];for(var h in r)if(r.hasOwnProperty(h))for(var v=0,g=e;v<g.length;v++){var f;(f=g[v]).slotId===h&&(u=r[h],M.Debug("Silent mode for slot '"+f.impId+"' enabled for "+u+" seconds"),p.push({slot:f,ttl:u}))}this.bidManager.storeRequestNoBids(p)},p.prototype.clearExpiredItems=function(){var e=this;setTimeout(function(){e.bidManager.clearExpiredItems()},3e3)},p);function p(e,t,i){this.silentModeManager=e,this.bidManager=t,this.context=i}var h=(v.prototype.eval=function(e){},v);function v(e){this.name=e}var g,f=(e(m,g=h),m.prototype.eval=function(e){this.callback&&this.callback.apply(this)},m.NAME="genericEvent",m);function m(e){var t=g.call(this,m.NAME)||this;return t.callback=e,t}var y=(C.prototype.generateRandomId=function(){return Math.random().toString(36).replace(/[^a-z]+/g,"").substr(0,6)},C);function C(e,t,i,n,o,r,s){this.id=this.generateRandomId(),this.slotId=e,this.impressionId=t,this.cpm=i,this.width=n,this.height=o,this.zoneId=r,this.dealCode=s}var E,P=(e(w,E=y),w.prototype.GenerateEvent=function(e){var t=this;return e.ResizeFrame(this.width,this.height),new f(function(){return e.LoadScript(t.displayUrl)})},w.prototype.GenerateMessage=function(){return{displayUrl:this.displayUrl}},w);function w(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a){var d=E.call(this,e,t,i,n,o,r,a)||this;return d.displayUrl=s,d}var b,x=(e(I,b=y),I.prototype.GenerateEvent=function(e){var t=this;return e.ResizeFrame(this.width,this.height),new f(function(){return e.Write(t.creative)})},I.prototype.GenerateMessage=function(){return{creative:this.creative}},I);function I(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a){var d=b.call(this,e,t,i,n,o,r,a)||this;return d.creative=s,d}var A,D=(e(O,A=y),O.prototype.GenerateEvent=function(e){var t=this;return"function"!=typeof this.nativeCallback?(M.Error("'nativeCallback' parameter is not a function in placements object"),new f(void 0)):"object"!=typeof this.nativePayload?(M.Error("'nativePayload' parameter is not an object in placements object"),new f(void 0)):new f(function(){return t.nativeCallback(t.nativePayload)})},O.prototype.GenerateMessage=function(){return{nativePayload:this.nativePayload}},O);function O(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a,d){var c=A.call(this,e,t,i,n,o,r,d)||this;return c.nativeCallback=s,c.nativePayload=a,c}var k=(B.prototype.getMetricsManager=function(){return this.metricsManager},B.prototype.withElapsed=function(e){return this.elapsed=Math.round(e),this},B.prototype.withIsTimeout=function(e){return(this.isTimeout=e)&&this.events.push({eventId:"CdbCallTimeout"}),this},B.prototype.withAdapterStartElapsed=function(e){return this.adapterStartElapsed=Math.round(e),this.events.push({eventId:"AdapterBidStart",elapsed:this.adapterStartElapsed}),this},B.prototype.withCdbCallStartElapsed=function(e){return this.cdbCallStartElapsed=Math.round(e),this.events.push({eventId:"CdbCallStart",elapsed:this.cdbCallStartElapsed}),this},B.prototype.withCdbCallEndElapsed=function(e){return this.cdbCallEndElapsed=Math.round(e),this.events.push({eventId:"CdbCallEnd",elapsed:this.cdbCallEndElapsed}),this},B.prototype.withAdapterEndElapsed=function(e){return this.adapterEndElapsed=Math.round(e),this.events.push({eventId:"AdapterBidEnd",elapsed:this.adapterEndElapsed}),this},B.prototype.withAdapterTimeout=function(e){return this.adapterTimeout=e&&Math.round(e),this},B.prototype.withSlotIdsMatchedByCache=function(e){return 0<(this.slotIdsMatchedByCache=e).length&&this.events.push({eventId:"CachedBidUsed",slots:this.slotIdsMatchedByCache}),this},B.prototype.withTimeToFirstByte=function(e){return this.timeToFirstByte=e&&Math.round(e),this.timeToFirstByte&&this.events.push({eventId:"TimeToFirstByte",elapsed:this.timeToFirstByte}),this},B.prototype.withConnectionEstablishmentTime=function(e){return this.connectionEstablishmentTime=e&&Math.round(e),this.connectionEstablishmentTime&&this.events.push({eventId:"TcpConnectionElapsedTime",elapsed:this.connectionEstablishmentTime}),this},B.prototype.withDomainLookupTime=function(e){return this.domainLookupTime=e&&Math.round(e),this.domainLookupTime&&this.events.push({eventId:"DomainLookupElapsedTime",elapsed:this.domainLookupTime}),this},B.prototype.withUserPreviousTimestamp=function(e){return e&&this.events.push({eventId:"UserReturnTime",elapsed:(new Date).getTime()-e}),this},B.prototype.buildEvents=function(e){if(this.events.length){var t={requestId:e,events:this.events};return void 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e&&this.resetSilentModeRequestCount(),isNaN(t)?0:t},J.prototype.incSilentModeRequestCount=function(){var e=this.getManagerMetrics();e.silentModeRequestCount=isNaN(e.silentModeRequestCount)?1:e.silentModeRequestCount+1,this.setManagerMetrics(e)},J.prototype.resetSilentModeRequestCount=function(){var e=this.getManagerMetrics();e.silentModeRequestCount=0,this.setManagerMetrics(e)},J.prototype.getLocalStorageKeyCount=function(){return this.localStorageHelper.getAllItemsByPrefix("criteo_").length+this.localStorageHelper.getAllItemsByPrefix("cto_").length},J.prototype.getPreviousBuildRequestTimestamp=function(){var e=this.getManagerMetrics().previousBuildRequestTimestamp;return isNaN(e)?void 0:e},J.prototype.resetPreviousBuildRequestTimestamp=function(){var e=this.getManagerMetrics();e.previousBuildRequestTimestamp=(new Date).getTime().toString(),this.setManagerMetrics(e)},J.prototype.sendEvents=function(e,t,i){void 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o=document.getElementById(e);if(null===o)return null;i=o}for(var r=0,s=i.getElementsByClassName(Z.PLACEHOLDER_NAME);r<s.length;r++){for(var a=s[r],d=0,c=a.childNodes;d<c.length;d++){var l=c[d];null!==l.parentNode&&l.parentNode.removeChild(l)}var u=this.createAdIFrame();return a.appendChild(u),a.style.width="",a.style.height="",a.style.display="",u}return null},Z.createAdIFrame=function(){var e=document.createElement("iframe");return e.scrolling="no",e.marginWidth="0",e.marginHeight="0",e.frameBorder="0",e.style.border="0",e.style.verticalAlign="bottom",e},Z.removePlaceholders=function(e,t,i){for(var n=0,o=e;n<o.length;n++){var r=o[n].impId;-1===t.indexOf(r)&&Z.removePlaceholder(r,i)}},Z.tryInsertPlaceholders=function(e,t,i){for(var n=[],o=0,r=e;o<r.length;o++){var s=r[o],a=s.impId;Z.tryInsertPlaceholder(a,t,i)&&n.push(s)}return n},Z.PLACEHOLDER_NAME="criteo_placeholder",Z);function Z(){}var Q=($.prototype.isValid=function(){return 0<this.slots.length},$.prototype.getRequest=function(){for(var e=[],t=0,i=this.slots;t<i.length;t++){var n=i[t],o={slotid:n.slotId,impid:n.impId};if(void 0!==n.zoneId&&(o.zoneid=n.zoneId),void 0!==n.nativeCallback&&(o.native=!0),void 0!==n.transactionId&&(o.transactionid=n.transactionId),void 0!==n.publisherSubId&&(o.publishersubid=n.publisherSubId),void 0!==n.sizes){for(var r=[],s=0,a=n.sizes;s<a.length;s++){var d=a[s];r.push(d.width+"x"+d.height)}o.sizes=r}if(void 0!==n.video){var c={playersizes:this.parsePlayerSizes(n.video.playersize),mimes:n.video.mimes,protocols:n.video.protocols,maxduration:n.video.maxduration,api:n.video.api,skip:n.video.skip,placement:n.video.placement,playbackmethod:n.video.playbackmethod,minduration:n.video.minduration,startdelay:n.video.startdelay};o.video=c}if(void 0!==this.viewportComputer){var l=this.viewportComputer.getSlotPosition(n);void 0!==l&&(o.position={top:l.top,left:l.left})}void 0!==n.ext&&(o.ext=n.ext),e.push(o)}var u={ceh:this.context.ceh,uspOptout:this.context.ccpaOptout,ext:this.context.getUserExtWithContextualData()},p={publisher:{url:this.context.highestAccessibleUrl,ext:this.context.getPublisherExt()},slots:e,user:u};if(void 0!==this.networkId&&(p.publisher.networkid=this.networkId),this.privacyWrapper&&(this.privacyWrapper.gdprConsent&&(p.gdprConsent=this.privacyWrapper.gdprConsent),this.privacyWrapper.ccpaIabConsent&&(u.uspIab=this.privacyWrapper.ccpaIabConsent.uspString)),void 0!==this.viewportComputer){var h=this.viewportComputer.getViewport();p.viewport={width:h.width,height:h.height,scrollTop:h.scrollTop,scrollLeft:h.scrollLeft}}return void 0!==this.adapterTimeout&&(p.tmax=this.adapterTimeout),void 0!==this.auctionStart&&(p.auctionStart=this.auctionStart),void 0!==this.clientRequestId&&(p.id=this.clientRequestId),void 0!==this.userIds&&(p.eids=this.userIds),p},$.parsePlayerSize=function(e){return e[0]+"x"+e[1]},$.prototype.parsePlayerSizes=function(e){return Array.isArray(e[0])?e.map(function(e){return $.parsePlayerSize(e)}):[$.parsePlayerSize(e)]},$.prototype.getUrl=function(){return this.urlBuilder.buildUrl(this.profileId,this.context,this.integrationMode,this.adapterVersion,this.wrapperVersion)},$);function $(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a,d,c,l,u,p,h){this.slots=e,this.context=t,this.urlBuilder=i,this.profileId=n,this.integrationMode=o||U.Unspecified,this.networkId=r,this.adapterVersion=s,this.privacyWrapper=a,this.wrapperVersion=d,this.viewportComputer=c,this.adapterTimeout=l,this.clientRequestId=u,this.userIds=p,this.auctionStart=h}function ee(e){var t={slots:void 0,time_to_next_call:0};return void 0!==e.exd&&(void 0!==e.exd.time_to_next_call&&(t.time_to_next_call=e.exd.time_to_next_call),t.slots=e.exd.slots,delete e.exd),t}function te(){var i=(new Date).getTime();return"undefined"!=typeof performance&&"function"==typeof performance.now&&(i+=performance.now()),"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g,function(e){var t=(i+16*Math.random())%16|0;return i=Math.floor(i/16),("x"===e?t:3&t|8).toString(16)})}var ie=function(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a,d){this.slotId=te().replace(/-/g,""),this.impId=e,this.zoneId=t,this.nativeCallback=i,this.transactionId=n,this.sizes=o,this.publisherSubId=r,this.mediaTypes=s,this.video=a,this.ext=d},ne=function(e,t,i,n,o,r,s,a,d,c){this.playersize=e,this.mimes=t,this.protocols=i,this.maxduration=n,this.api=o,this.skip=r,this.placement=s,this.playbackmethod=a,this.minduration=d,this.startdelay=c},oe=(re.CreateRunning=function(){var e=new re;return e.start(),e},re.CreateWithStartTime=function(e){var t=new re(!1);return t.startTime=e,t},re.TimeSincePageLoad=function(){if(window.performance){if(window.performance.now)return window.performance.now();if(window.performance.timing&&window.performance.timing.navigationStart)return(new Date).getTime()-performance.timing.navigationStart}return 0},re.prototype.start=function(){this.startTime=this.now()},re.prototype.elapsed=function(){return this.now()-this.startTime},re);function re(e){void 0===e&&(e=!0),e&&window.performance&&window.performance.now?this.now=window.performance.now.bind(window.performance):Date.now?this.now=Date.now:this.now=function(){return(new Date).getTime()}}var se=(ae.prototype.sendRequest=function(e){this.url=e,this.sendTime=oe.CreateRunning(),this.builder.withCdbCallStartElapsed(this.timer.elapsed())},ae.prototype.requestReceived=function(e){void 0===e&&(e=!1),this.builder.withElapsed(function(e){if(window.performance&&window.performance.getEntries)for(var t=window.performance.getEntries(),i=t.length-1;0<=i;--i){var n=t[i];if(n.name===e&&n.duration)return Math.round(n.duration)}}(this.url)||this.sendTime.elapsed()),this.builder.withCdbCallEndElapsed(this.timer.elapsed()),this.builder.withIsTimeout(e)},ae.prototype.finish=function(){this.builder.withAdapterEndElapsed(this.timer.elapsed());var e=ae.getLastCdbTiming();void 0!==e&&(this.builder.withTimeToFirstByte(ae.computeTimeToFirstByte(e)),this.builder.withConnectionEstablishmentTime(ae.computeConnectionEstablishmentTime(e)),this.builder.withDomainLookupTime(ae.computeDomainLookupTime(e)))},ae.getLastCdbTiming=function(){if(void 0!==window.performance&&void 0!==window.performance.getEntriesByType&&"function"==typeof window.performance.getEntriesByType){var e=window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource");if(void 0!==e){var t=e.filter(function(e){return 0<=e.name.indexOf("cdb")});return void 0!==t&&0<t.length?t[t.length-1]:void 0}}},ae.computeTimeToFirstByte=function(e){var t=e.responseStart,i=e.requestStart;if(void 0!==t&&void 0!==i)return t-i},ae.computeConnectionEstablishmentTime=function(e){var t=e.connectEnd-e.connectStart;return isNaN(t)?void 0:t},ae.computeDomainLookupTime=function(e){var t=e.domainLookupEnd-e.domainLookupStart;return isNaN(t)?void 0:t},ae);function ae(e,t,i){this.builder=e,this.timer=void 0!==t?oe.CreateWithStartTime(t):oe.CreateRunning();var n=this.timer.elapsed();this.builder.withAdapterStartElapsed(n),void 0!==i&&this.builder.withAdapterTimeout(i)}var de=(ce.prototype.toString=function(){return this.width+"x"+this.height},ce);function ce(e,t){this.width=e,this.height=t}function le(e){var t="number"==typeof window.PREBID_TIMEOUT?window.PREBID_TIMEOUT:void 0;return e&&t?Math.min(e,t):e||t||void 0}var ue=function(e,t){this.top=e,this.left=t},pe=function(e,t,i,n){this.width=e,this.height=t,this.scrollTop=i,this.scrollLeft=n},he=(ve.getHighestAccessibleWindow=function(e){var t=e,i=!1;try{for(;t.parent.document!==t.document;){if(!t.parent.document){i=!0;break}t=t.parent}}catch(e){i=!0}return{topFrame:t,err:i}},ve.getHighestAccessibleUrl=function(e){var t=e.topFrame;if(!e.err)return t.location.href;try{var i=t.top.location.href;if(i)return i}catch(e){}try{var n=t.location.ancestorOrigins;if(n)return n[n.length-1]}catch(e){}return t.document.referrer},ve.inIframe=function(){try{return window.self!==window.top}catch(e){return!0}},ve);function ve(){}var ge=(fe.prototype.getViewport=function(){var e=he.getHighestAccessibleWindow(window).topFrame,t=e.document,i=e.innerWidth||t.documentElement.clientWidth,n=e.innerHeight||t.documentElement.clientHeight,o=t.documentElement.scrollTop||t.body&&t.body.scrollTop||0,r=t.documentElement.scrollLeft||t.body&&t.body.scrollLeft||0;return new pe(i,n,o,r)},fe.prototype.getSlotPosition=function(e){var t=e.impId,i=document.getElementById(t);if(null!==i){var n=i.getBoundingClientRect();return new ue(n.top,n.left)}},fe);function fe(){}var me=(ye.prototype.checkLocalStorage=function(e){if(!this.localStorage)return!1;var t=this.CHECK_STORAGE_KEY;try{return this.localStorage.setItem(t,t),this.localStorage.removeItem(t),!!this.checkTcfPurposeOne(e)||(M.Debug("Purpose One not granted"),!1)}catch(e){return!1}},ye.prototype.checkTcfPurposeOne=function(e){return!e||!e.purposes||!0===e.purposes[1]},ye.prototype.removeItem=function(e){this.localStorageEnabled&&(this.localStorage.removeItem(e),this.localStorage.removeItem(e+this.EXPIRE_SUFFIX))},ye.prototype.getItem=function(e,t){if(!this.localStorageEnabled)return null;var i=(new Date).getTime(),n=this.localStorage.getItem(e+this.EXPIRE_SUFFIX),o=n?parseInt(n,10):-1;return-1!==o&&o<i||t&&(-1===o||t<o-i)?(this.removeItem(e),null):this.localStorage.getItem(e)},ye.prototype.setItem=function(e,t,i){if(this.localStorageEnabled)try{if(this.localStorage.setItem(e,t),i){var n=(new Date).getTime()+i;this.localStorage.setItem(e+this.EXPIRE_SUFFIX,n.toString())}}catch(e){}},ye.prototype.getAllItemsByPrefix=function(e){var t=[];if(this.localStorageEnabled)for(var i in localStorage)0===i.indexOf(e)&&t.push(i);return t},ye);function ye(e,t){this.EXPIRE_SUFFIX="_expires",this.CHECK_STORAGE_KEY="criteo_localstorage_check",this.localStorage=function(e){try{return e.localStorage}catch(e){return}}(e||window),this.localStorageEnabled=this.checkLocalStorage(t)}var Ce=(Ee.prototype.silentModeEnabled=function(){var e=Ee.SILENT_MODE_KEY;return null!==this.localStorageHelper.getItem(e)},Ee.prototype.enableSilentMode=function(e){var t=Ee.SILENT_MODE_KEY;this.localStorageHelper.setItem(t,"1",e)},Ee.SILENT_MODE_KEY="criteo_silent_mode",Ee);function Ee(e){this.localStorageHelper=e}function we(){return(new Date).getTime()}var be=(Ie.prototype.toString=function(){return"ImpId"+this.impressionId},Ie);function Ie(e){this.impressionId=e}var _e,Se=(e(Te,_e=be),Te.prototype.toString=function(){return _e.prototype.toString.call(this)+"_Size"+this.size+"_NetworkId"+this.networkId},Te);function Te(e,t,i){var n=_e.call(this,e)||this;return n.size=t,n.networkId=i,n}var Ae,Re=(e(Me,Ae=be),Me.prototype.toString=function(){return Ae.prototype.toString.call(this)+"_ZoneId"+this.zoneId},Me);function Me(e,t){var i=Ae.call(this,e)||this;return i.zoneId=t,i}var Pe=(xe.prototype.createKeysFromSlotRequest=function(e){if(this.useZoneIdIntegration)return[new Re(e.impId,e.zoneId)];for(var t=[],i=0,n=e.sizes;i<n.length;i++){var o=n[i];t.push(new Se(e.impId,o,this.networkId))}return t},xe.prototype.createKeyFromSlotResponse=function(e){return this.useZoneIdIntegration?new Re(e.impid,e.zoneid):new Se(e.impid,new de(e.width,e.height),this.networkId)},xe.prototype.createKeyFromBid=function(e){return this.useZoneIdIntegration?new Re(e.impressionId,e.zoneId):new Se(e.impressionId,new de(e.width,e.height),this.networkId)},xe);function xe(e,t){this.useZoneIdIntegration=e,this.networkId=t}var De=(Oe.useZoneIdIntegration=function(e,t){return void 0===t||0===e.filter(function(e){return void 0!==e.sizes&&0<e.sizes.length}).length},Oe.prototype.getBySlotKey=function(e,t){var i=t.toString();if(i in e){var n=e[i];if(void 0!==n)return void 0!==n.bid&&void 0!==n.expiration&&n.expiration<we()&&(n.bid=void 0,n.expiration=void 0),n}return{}},Oe.prototype.setBySlotKey=function(e,t,i){var n=t.toString();void 0!==i.bid||void 0!==i.expiration&&i.expiration>we()?e[n]=i:n in e&&delete e[n]},Oe.prototype.filterNoBidSlots=function(e){for(var t=[],i=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),n=i&&F(i)||{},o=0,r=e;o<r.length;o++){for(var s=r[o],a=[],d=0,c=this.slotKeyFactory.createKeysFromSlotRequest(s);d<c.length;d++){var l=c[d];this.getBidFromMap(n,l,0)!==Oe.NO_BID&&(l instanceof Se?a.push(l.size):t.push(s))}0<a.length&&(s.sizes=a,t.push(s))}return t},Oe.prototype.getRequestCachedBids=function(e,t){void 0===t&&(t=5e3);for(var i={},n=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),o=n&&F(n)||{},r=0,s=e;r<s.length;r++)for(var a=s[r],d=0,c=this.slotKeyFactory.createKeysFromSlotRequest(a);d<c.length;d++){var l=c[d],u=this.getBidFromMap(o,l,t);void 0!==u&&u!==Oe.NO_BID&&(i[a.slotId]=u)}return this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(o)),i},Oe.prototype.getBid=function(e,t){void 0===t&&(t=5e3);var i=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),n=i&&F(i)||{},o=this.getBidFromMap(n,e,t);return this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(n)),o},Oe.prototype.getBidFromMap=function(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=5e3);var n=this.getBySlotKey(e,t);return void 0===n.bid&&n.expiration&&n.expiration>we()?Oe.NO_BID:0<i&&void 0!==n.bid?(delete e[t.toString()],n.bid):void 0},Oe.prototype.storeResponseBids=function(e){for(var t=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),n=t&&F(t)||{},i=function(i){var e=o.slotKeyFactory.createKeyFromSlotResponse(i.slot);o.modifyCache(n,e,function(e){var t=we()+1e3*i.ttl;(void 0===e.expiration||e.expiration<t)&&(e.bid=i.slot,e.expiration=t)})},o=this,r=0,s=e;r<s.length;r++)i(s[r]);this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(n))},Oe.prototype.storeRequestNoBids=function(e){for(var t=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),o=t&&F(t)||{},i=function(t){for(var e=0,i=r.slotKeyFactory.createKeysFromSlotRequest(t.slot);e<i.length;e++){var n=i[e];r.modifyCache(o,n,function(e){e.bid=void 0,e.expiration=Math.max(e.expiration||0,we()+1e3*t.ttl)})}},r=this,n=0,s=e;n<s.length;n++)i(s[n]);this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(o))},Oe.prototype.removeBid=function(t){var e=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),i=e&&F(e)||{},n=this.slotKeyFactory.createKeyFromBid(t);this.modifyCache(i,n,function(e){void 0!==e.bid&&e.bid.slotid===t.slotId&&(e.bid=void 0,e.expiration=void 0)}),this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(i))},Oe.prototype.modifyCache=function(e,t,i){var n=this.getBySlotKey(e,t);i(n),this.setBySlotKey(e,t,n)},Oe.prototype.clearExpiredItems=function(){for(var e=this.localStorageHelper.getItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY),t=e&&F(e)||{},i=0,n=Object.keys(t);i<n.length;i++){var o=n[i],r=t[o];void 0!==r&&void 0!==r.expiration&&r.expiration<we()&&delete t[o]}this.localStorageHelper.setItem(Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(t))},Oe.NO_BID="nobid",Oe.BIDCACHE_STORAGE_KEY="criteo_pt_cdb_bidcachemap",Oe);function Oe(e,t,i){this.localStorageHelper=e,this.slotKeyFactory=new Pe(t,i)}var ke=(Be.prototype.send=function(e,t,i,n){var o=void 0!==this.data?"POST":"GET",r=this.getXMLHttpRequest(o,e,t,i,n);if(void 0!==r)r.send(this.data);else{var s=this.getXDomainRequest(o,e,t,i,n);void 0!==s&&s.send(this.data)}},Be.prototype.getXMLHttpRequest=function(e,t,i,n,o){var r=new XMLHttpRequest;if("withCredentials"in r)return r.open(e,this.url,!0),r.timeout=o||Be.LOCAL_PASSBACK_TIMEOUT,this.contentType?r.setRequestHeader("Content-type",this.contentType):"POST"===e&&r.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),r.withCredentials=this.withCredentials,r.onload=function(){4===r.readyState&&200===r.status?t(r.responseText):i(r.readyState,r.status)},r.onerror=function(){i(void 0,void 0)},n&&(r.ontimeout=n),r},Be.prototype.getXDomainRequest=function(e,t,i,n,o){if("undefined"!=typeof XDomainRequest){var r=new XDomainRequest;return r.timeout=o||Be.LOCAL_PASSBACK_TIMEOUT,r.open(e,this.url),r.onload=function(){void 0!==r.responseText?t(r.responseText):i(void 0,void 0)},r.onerror&&(r.onerror=function(){i(void 0,void 0)}),r.ontimeout&&n&&(r.ontimeout=n),r}},Be.LOCAL_PASSBACK_TIMEOUT=3e4,Be);function Be(e,t,i,n){void 0===n&&(n=!0),this.url=e,this.data=t,this.contentType=i,this.withCredentials=n}var Fe=(Ue.prototype.retrievePixels=function(e,t,i){var n=this;new ke(this.getUserSyncUrl(e,t,i)).send(function(e){if(e){var t=Ue.parseUserSyncResponse(e);t?n.onPixelsRetrieved(t):n.errorReporter.log("Error","Unable to parse response from user sync")}},function(e,t){M.Warning("User Sync Pixel endpoint error; readyState "+e+"; requestStatus "+t)},function(){M.Warning("User Sync Pixel endpoint timeout")},this.pixelSyncTimeout)},Ue.prototype.getUserSyncUrl=function(e,t,i){var n=[];return(null==e?void 0:e.consentData)&&n.push("gdpr="+e.consentData),(null==e?void 0:e.gdprApplies)&&n.push("gdprapplies="+e.gdprApplies),(null==t?void 0:t.uspString)&&n.push("ccpa="+t.uspString),(null==i?void 0:i.country_code)&&n.push("countrycode="+i.country_code),this.debug&&n.push("debug=1"),this.pixelSyncEndpoint+(n.length?"?"+n.join("&"):"")},Ue.parseUserSyncResponse=function(e){var t=F(e);return t?("pixels"in t?Array.isArray(t.pixels)?t.pixels=t.pixels.filter(function(t){try{return new URL(t),!0}catch(e){return M.Warning("Failed to parse User Sync Pixel URL: "+t),!1}}):(M.Warning("pixels field in user sync response is not an array: "+t.pixels),t.pixels=[]):t.pixels=[],t):void M.Warning("Failed to parse user sync pixel JSON payload")},Ue);function Ue(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=!1),this.pixelSyncEndpoint="https://3pd.criteo.com/user-sync/pixels",this.pixelSyncTimeout=2e3,this.errorReporter=t,this.onPixelsRetrieved=e,this.debug=i}var Ne=(Le.execUserSync=function(e,t,i,n,o){void 0===o&&(o=!1),new Fe(Le.appendUserSyncPixels,e,o).retrievePixels(t,i,n)},Le.getOrCreateTagContainer=function(){var e=document.getElementById(Le.tagElementName);if(e)return e;var t=document.createElement("div");return t.setAttribute("id",Le.tagElementName),t.style.display="none",document.body.appendChild(t),t},Le.appendUserSyncPixels=function(e){if(e.pixels.length)for(var t=Le.getOrCreateTagContainer(),i=0,n=e.pixels;i<n.length;i++){var o=n[i],r=new Image;r.src=o,t.appendChild(r)}},Le.tagElementName="criteoUserSyncTagsContainer",Le);function Le(){}var He,qe;(qe=He=He||{}).Native="native",qe.Banner="banner",qe.Video="video";var We=(Ke.prototype.hasValidNativeParams=function(e){return!(e.nativeParams&&(e.nativeParams.image&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.image.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.image.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.icon&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.icon.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.icon.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.clickUrl&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.clickUrl.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.clickUrl.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.displayUrl&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.displayUrl.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.displayUrl.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.privacyLink&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.privacyLink.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.privacyLink.sendTargetingKeys)||e.nativeParams.privacyIcon&&(!0!==e.nativeParams.privacyIcon.sendId||!0===e.nativeParams.privacyIcon.sendTargetingKeys)))},Ke.prototype.buildCdbUrl=function(){return this.url},Ke.prototype.buildCdbRequest=function(){if(this.cache.silentModeEnabled())return M.Debug("Request ignored because the global silent mode is enabled"),void this.metricsManager.incSilentModeRequestCount();if(this.requestBuilder.isValid()){var e=Math.min((this.timeout||5e3)+1e3,5e3);return this.adBlockFlagManager.setAdBlockFlagTimer(e),this.timer.sendRequest(this.url),this.requestBuilder.getRequest()}M.Debug("Request ignored because it doesnt contain any slot")},Ke.GetAllAdapters=function(){return(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters},Ke.GetAdapter=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e?e:e.bidRequests[0].auctionId,i=Ke.GetAllAdapters();if(i&&t in i)return i[t]},Ke.createCriteoNativeAdWithCallback=function(e,t,i){var n=r(e);return window.criteo_prebid_native_slots=window.criteo_prebid_native_slots||{},window.criteo_prebid_native_slots[n]={callback:i,payload:t},'<script type="text/javascript">\n var win = window;\n for (var i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {\n win = win.parent;\n if (win.criteo_prebid_native_slots) {\n var responseSlot = win.criteo_prebid_native_slots["'+n+'"];\n responseSlot.callback(responseSlot.payload);\n break;\n }\n }\n <\/script>'},Ke.createPrebidNativeAd=function(e){return{sendTargetingKeys:!1,title:e.products[0].title,body:e.products[0].description,sponsoredBy:e.advertiser.description,icon:e.advertiser.logo,image:e.products[0].image,clickUrl:e.products[0].click_url,privacyLink:e.privacy.optout_click_url,privacyIcon:e.privacy.optout_image_url,cta:e.products[0].call_to_action,price:e.products[0].price,impressionTrackers:e.impression_pixels.map(function(e){return e.url})}},Ke.prototype.getBidRequestForSlot=function(e){for(var t=0,i=this.bidRequests;t<i.length;t++){var n=i[t];if(n.adUnitCode===e.impid&&(!n.params.zoneId||parseInt(n.params.zoneId,10)===e.zoneid))return n}},Ke.prototype.getSlotForAdUnitCode=function(e){for(var t=0,i=this.slots;t<i.length;t++){var n=i[t];if(n&&n.impId===e)return n}},Ke.getVideoInfoFromBidRequest=function(e){if(Ke.hasVideoMediaType(e))return new ne(e.mediaTypes.video.playerSize,e.mediaTypes.video.mimes,e.mediaTypes.video.protocols,e.mediaTypes.video.maxduration,e.mediaTypes.video.api,e.params.video.skip,e.params.video.placement,e.params.video.playbackmethod,e.params.video.minduration,e.params.video.startdelay)},Ke.hasVideoMediaType=function(e){return void 0!==e.params&&void 0!==e.params.video&&!(void 0===e.mediaTypes||void 0===e.mediaTypes.video)},Ke.prototype.interpretResponse=function(e,t){var i=window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag;this.timer.requestReceived(),this.adBlockFlagManager.disableAdBlockFlagTimer();var n=ee(e),o={};if(void 0!==n.slots)for(var r=0,s=n.slots;r<s.length;r++)o[(w=s[r]).imp_id]=w;var a,d,c,l,u,p,h,v,g,f,m,y=[];if(e.slots&&Array.isArray(e.slots))for(var C=0,E=e.slots;C<E.length;C++){var w=E[C],b=this.getBidRequestForSlot(w);if(b)if(!0===i.context.isAdBlocked){if(void 0!==(a=w.slotid,d=w.impid,c=w.cpm,l=w.width,u=w.height,p=w.zoneid,h=b.params.nativeCallback,v=w.native,g=w.displayurl,f=w.creative,m=w.deal,A=void 0!==h&&void 0!==v?new D(a,d,c,l,u,p,h,v,m):void 0===g||void 0!==f&&"<script"!==f.substr(0,7)?void 0!==f?new x(a,d,c,l,u,p,f,m):void 0:new P(a,d,c,l,u,p,g,m))&&X.tryInsertPlaceholder(b.adUnitCode,!0,i.context.cloneByImpressionId)){var I=X.insertAdIFrame(b.adUnitCode,i.context.cloneByImpressionId);if(null!=I){var _=new R(I.contentDocument);A.GenerateEvent(_).eval(window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106)}}}else{var S=b.bidId,T=w.ttl||o[w.slotid]&&o[w.slotid].ttl||60,A={requestId:S,adId:te(),cpm:w.cpm,currency:w.currency,netRevenue:!0,ttl:T,creativeId:S,width:w.width,height:w.height,dealId:w.deal};w.native?b.params.nativeCallback?A.ad=Ke.createCriteoNativeAdWithCallback(S,w.native,b.params.nativeCallback):(A.native=Ke.createPrebidNativeAd(w.native),A.mediaType=He.Native):w.video?(A.vastUrl=w.displayurl,A.mediaType=He.Video):A.ad=w.creative,y.push(A)}else M.Error("Unable to bid request for slot "+w)}return this.cache.handleResponse(this.slots,e,n,!1),this.timer.finish(),this.metricsManager.sendEvents(this.metricBuilder,this.clientRequestId,!0),this.cache.clearExpiredItems(),!0===e.user_sync&&Ne.execUserSync(i.context.remoteLogging,this.gdprConsent,this.ccpaIabConsent,e),y},Ke.prototype.handleBidWon=function(){},Ke.prototype.handleBidTimeout=function(){this.timer.requestReceived(!0),this.timer.finish(),this.metricsManager.sendEvents(this.metricBuilder,this.clientRequestId,!0),this.cache.clearExpiredItems()},Ke.prototype.handleSetTargeting=function(){},Ke.prototype.getBannerSizes=function(e){var t,i;return(null===(i=null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.banner)||void 0===i?void 0:i.sizes)||e.sizes||[]},Ke.prototype.getNativeSizes=function(e){var t,i,n;return(null===(n=null===(i=null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.native)||void 0===i?void 0:i.image)||void 0===n?void 0:n.sizes)||[]},Ke.prototype.getSizes=function(e){var t,i=this.getBannerSizes(e).map(function(e){return new de(e[0],e[1])}),n=this.getNativeSizes(e).map(function(e){return new de(e[0],e[1])}),o=i.concat(n);return(null===(t=e.mediaTypes)||void 0===t?void 0:t.native)&&(0===o.length?o=[new de(2,2)]:o.forEach(function(e,t,i){void 0===e.height&&void 0===e.width&&(i[t]=new de(2,2))})),o.filter(function(e,t,i){return i.indexOf(e)===t})},Ke.prototype.getFloorsForSizes=function(e,o,r){var s={},t=r.getFloor({currency:"USD",size:"*",mediaType:o});if("USD"!==t.currency)throw new Error("Currency for floors is not in USD, or cannot be converted to USD");return s["*"]=t.floor,e.forEach(function(e,t,i){var n=new de(e[0],e[1]);s[n.toString()]=r.getFloor({currency:"USD",size:e,mediaType:o}).floor}),s},Ke);function Ke(e,t,i,n,o){var r,s,a,d=window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag;this.clientRequestId=te(),this.gdprConsent={},n.gdprConsent&&(void 0!==n.gdprConsent.consentString&&(this.gdprConsent.consentData=n.gdprConsent.consentString),void 0!==n.gdprConsent.gdprApplies&&(this.gdprConsent.gdprApplies=!!n.gdprConsent.gdprApplies),this.gdprConsent.version=n.gdprConsent.apiVersion),this.ccpaIabConsent={uspString:n.uspConsent};var c=new me(void 0,this.gdprConsent);this.timeout=le(n.timeout),this.metricsManager=new j(c),this.metricBuilder=new k(this.metricsManager),this.timer=new se(this.metricBuilder,n.start,this.timeout);var l,u,p=new ge;this.adBlockFlagManager=S.create(c),this.adBlockFlagManager.adBlockFlagEnabled()&&(e=280,d.context.isAdBlocked=!0),this.auctionId=n.auctionId,this.bidRequests=i,this.slots=[];for(var h,v=!0,g=0,f=i;g<f.length;g++){var m=void 0;(w=f[g]).fpd&&w.fpd.context&&(m=w.fpd.context),w.params.ext&&(m=_(_({},m),w.params.ext)),v=this.hasValidNativeParams(w);try{var y={};if(w.getFloor&&((null===(r=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===r?void 0:r.banner)&&(y.banner=this.getFloorsForSizes(this.getBannerSizes(w),"banner",w)),(null===(s=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===s?void 0:s.native)&&(y.native=this.getFloorsForSizes(this.getNativeSizes(w),"native",w)),null===(a=w.mediaTypes)||void 0===a?void 0:a.video)){var C=w.mediaTypes.video.playerSize||[];y.video=0<C.length&&"number"==typeof C[0]?this.getFloorsForSizes([C],"video",w):this.getFloorsForSizes(C,"video",w)}Object.keys(y).length&&(m=_(_({},m),{floors:y}))}catch(e){M.Debug("Could not parse floors from Prebid: "+e)}this.slots.push(new ie(w.adUnitCode,w.params.zoneId,w.params.nativeCallback,w.transactionId,this.getSizes(w),w.params.publisherSubId,w.mediaTypes,Ke.getVideoInfoFromBidRequest(w),m)),l=w.params.networkId||l,h=n.ceh,(window.criteo_pubtag_prebid_106||window.criteo_pubtag).context.ceh=h,w.params.integrationMode&&(u=q(w.params.integrationMode))}v||M.Warning("All native assets containing URL should be sent as placeholders with sendId(icon, image, clickUrl, privacyLink, privacyIcon)");var E,w,b=new K(!1);0<i.length&&(w=i[0]).userIdAsEids&&0<w.userIdAsEids.length&&(E=w.userIdAsEids);"function"==typeof d.context.setPublisherExt&&"function"==typeof d.context.setUserExt?(d.context.setPublisherExt(n.publisherExt),d.context.setUserExt(n.userExt)):(d.context.publisherExt=n.publisherExt,d.context.userExt=n.userExt);var I=De.useZoneIdIntegration(this.slots,l);this.cache=new T(new Ce(c),new De(c,I,l),d.context),this.requestBuilder=new Q(this.cache.filterNoBidSlots(this.slots),d.context,b,e,u,l,t,{ccpaIabConsent:this.ccpaIabConsent,gdprConsent:this.gdprConsent},o,p,this.timeout,this.clientRequestId,E,n.start),this.url=this.requestBuilder.getUrl(),(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters=(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters||{},(window.Criteo_prebid_106||window.Criteo).prebid_adapters[this.auctionId]=this}function ze(e){try{return JSON.parse(e)}catch(e){return}}var Ge=(Ve.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__uspapiLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Ve.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInWindow=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__uspapi},Ve.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInWindow()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Ve.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve CCPA consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout);this.executeCommand("getUSPData",1,function(e,t){o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("CCPA consent retrieved"),n.processResponseData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving CCPA consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))})},Ve.prototype.processResponseData=function(e,t){e?t(e):(this.logger("Unable to read CCPA consent data from CMP"),t(void 0))},Ve.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i){var r=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInWindow()){this.logger("No CCPA CMP defined on current frame");var s=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__uspapi=function(e,t,i){if(!s)return r.logger("CCPA CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"CCPA CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var n=Math.random().toString(10),o={__uspapiCall:{command:e,parameter:t,callId:n}};r.uspapiCallbacks[n]=i,s.postMessage(o,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__uspapiReturn&&t.__uspapiReturn.callId&&t.__uspapiReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__uspapiReturn;r.uspapiCallbacks&&r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId]&&(r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId](i.returnValue,i.success),delete r.uspapiCallbacks[i.callId])}},!1)}this.currentWindow.__uspapi(e,t,i)},Ve.prototype.hasUserOptOut=function(e){return!(!e||!e.uspString||"1YNY"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1YNN"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1YN-"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1-N-"===e.uspString.toUpperCase()||"1---"===e.uspString)},Ve);function Ve(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.uspapiCallbacks={},this.currentWindow=e,this.timeout=t.uspApiTimeout,this.logger=i}var Ye=(je.prototype.getReadyToRetrieveProvider=function(){return this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()?this.tcfv2ConsentProvider:this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider:void 0!==this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.getCMPFrame()?this.tcfv2ConsentProvider:void 0!==this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.getCMPFrame()?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider:void 0},je.prototype.retrieveConsentForPassback=function(e){var t=this.getReadyToRetrieveProvider();void 0===t&&(this.logger("No compatible GDPR privacy provider found"),e(void 0)),t===this.tcfv1ConsentProvider?this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.retrieveConsentForPassback(e):t===this.tcfv2ConsentProvider&&this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.retrieveConsent(e)},je.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(e){var t=this.getReadyToRetrieveProvider();void 0===t&&(this.logger("No compatible GDPR privacy provider found"),e(void 0)),null==t||t.retrieveConsent(e)},je.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.tcfv2ConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve()||this.tcfv1ConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve()},je);function je(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.tcfv1ConsentProvider=e,this.tcfv2ConsentProvider=t,this.logger=i}var Je=(Xe.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__cmpLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Xe.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInFrame=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__cmp},Xe.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Xe.prototype.pingWithTimeout=function(n,e,t,i){function o(e,t){r.logger(t),clearTimeout(e),i()}var r=this;return window.setTimeout(function(){var i=window.setTimeout(function(){o(n,"Timeout: Unable to get ping return after "+e+"ms")},e);r.executeCommand("ping",null,function(e,t){clearTimeout(i),t?(r.logger("GDPR CMP ping returned"),!0!==e.cmpLoaded&&o(n,"GDPR ping returned cmpLoaded which is not true"),r.logger("GDPR ping returned cmpLoaded which is true")):o(n,"Error sending ping to GDPR CMP")})},t)},Xe.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(e){this.executeRetrieveConsent("getConsentData",null,e)},Xe.prototype.retrieveConsentForPassback=function(e){this.executeRetrieveConsent("getVendorConsents",[91],e)},Xe.prototype.executeRetrieveConsent=function(e,t,i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve GDPR consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout),s=!1!==this.cmpAutoDetect?this.pingWithTimeout(r,this.pingTimeout,this.pingDelay,function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to ping GDPR API after "+n.pingTimeout+"ms"),i(void 0)}):void 0;this.executeCommand(e,t,function(e,t){clearTimeout(s),o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("GDPR consent retrieved"),n.processConsentData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving GDPR consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))})},Xe.prototype.processConsentData=function(e,t){if(e){var i={};void 0!==e.consentData&&(i.consentData=e.consentData),void 0!==e.gdprApplies&&(i.gdprApplies=!!e.gdprApplies),t(i)}else this.logger("Unable to read GDPR consent data from CMP"),t(void 0)},Xe.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i){var r=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()){this.logger("No GDPR CMP defined on current frame");var s=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__cmp=function(e,t,i){if(!s)return r.logger("GDPR CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"GDPR CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var n=Math.random().toString(10),o={__cmpCall:{command:e,parameter:t,callId:n}};r.cmpCallbacks[n]=i,s.postMessage(o,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__cmpReturn&&t.__cmpReturn.callId&&t.__cmpReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__cmpReturn;r.cmpCallbacks&&r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId]&&(r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId](i.returnValue,i.success),delete r.cmpCallbacks[i.callId])}},!1)}this.currentWindow.__cmp(e,t,i)},Xe);function Xe(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.cmpCallbacks={},this.currentWindow=e,this.timeout=t.tcfTimeout,this.pingTimeout=t.tcfPingTimeout,this.pingDelay=t.tcfPingDelay,this.cmpAutoDetect=t.cmpAutoDetect,this.logger=i}var Ze=(Qe.prototype.getCMPFrame=function(){for(var e,t=this.currentWindow,i=0;i<10;++i){try{t.frames.__tcfapiLocator&&(e=t)}catch(e){}if(t===this.currentWindow.top)break;t=t.parent}return e},Qe.prototype.hasCallerFunctionInFrame=function(){return"function"==typeof this.currentWindow.__tcfapi},Qe.prototype.readyToRetrieve=function(){return this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()||void 0!==this.getCMPFrame()},Qe.prototype.pingWithTimeout=function(i,e,t,n){function o(e,t){r.logger(t),clearTimeout(e),n()}var r=this;return window.setTimeout(function(){var t=window.setTimeout(function(){o(i,"Timeout: Unable to get TCFv2 ping return after "+e+"ms")},e);r.executeCommand("ping",2,function(e){clearTimeout(t),r.logger("TCFv2 CMP ping returned in ms"),"error"===e.cmpStatus?o(i,"Error status on ping to TCFv2 CMP"):!0!==e.cmpLoaded?o(i,"TCFv2 ping returned cmpLoaded = false"):r.logger("TCFv2 ping returned cmpLoaded = true")})},t)},Qe.prototype.retrieveConsent=function(i){var n=this,o=!1,r=window.setTimeout(function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to resolve TCFv2 consent after "+n.timeout+"ms"),i(void 0)},this.timeout),s=!1!==this.cmpAutoDetect?this.pingWithTimeout(r,this.pingTimeout,this.pingDelay,function(){o=!0,n.logger("Timeout: Unable to ping TCFv2 API after "+n.pingTimeout+"ms"),i(void 0)}):void 0;this.executeCommand("getTCData",2,function(e,t){clearTimeout(s),o||(clearTimeout(r),t?(n.logger("TCFv2 consent retrieved in ms"),n.processResponseData(e,i)):(n.logger("Error retrieving TCFv2 consent data from CMP"),i(void 0)))},[91])},Qe.prototype.processResponseData=function(e,t){var i;if(e){var n={};void 0!==e.tcString&&(n.consentData=e.tcString),void 0!==e.gdprApplies&&(n.gdprApplies=!!e.gdprApplies),n.version=e.tcfPolicyVersion?e.tcfPolicyVersion:2,n.purposes=null===(i=null==e?void 0:e.purpose)||void 0===i?void 0:i.consents,t(n)}else this.logger("Unable to read GDPR consent data from CMP"),t(void 0)},Qe.prototype.executeCommand=function(e,t,i,n){var s=this;if(!this.hasCallerFunctionInFrame()){this.logger("No TCFv2 CMP defined on current frame");var a=this.getCMPFrame();this.currentWindow.__tcfapi=function(e,t,i,n){if(!a)return s.logger("TCFv2 CMP not found in any frame"),void i({msg:"TCFv2 CMP not found in any frame"},!1);var o=Math.random().toString(10),r={__tcfapiCall:{command:e,version:t,parameter:n,callId:o}};s.cmpCallbacks[o]=i,a.postMessage(r,"*")},this.currentWindow.addEventListener("message",function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data?ze(e.data):e.data;if(t&&t.__tcfapiReturn&&t.__tcfapiReturn.callId&&t.__tcfapiReturn.returnValue){var i=t.__tcfapiReturn;s.cmpCallbacks&&s.cmpCallbacks[i.callId]&&"function"==typeof s.cmpCallbacks[i.callId]&&(s.cmpCallbacks[i.callId](i.returnValue,i.success),delete s.cmpCallbacks[i.callId])}},!1)}this.currentWindow.__tcfapi(e,t,i,n)},Qe);function Qe(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=function(e){}),this.cmpCallbacks={},this.currentWindow=e,this.timeout=t.tcfTimeout,this.pingTimeout=t.tcfPingTimeout,this.pingDelay=t.tcfPingDelay,this.cmpAutoDetect=t.cmpAutoDetect,this.logger=i}var $e=(et.prototype.checkTcfPurposeOne=function(e){return!e||!e.purposes||!0===e.purposes[1]},et.prototype.setCookie=function(e,t,i,n,o){void 0===o&&(o=!1);var r=n||document,s=r.location.hostname,a=new Date;a.setTime(a.getTime()+60*i*60*1e3);var d="expires="+a.toUTCString();if(!o)return this.setCookieString(e,t,d,void 0,r),s;for(var c=s.split("."),l=0;l<c.length;++l){var u=c.slice(c.length-l-1,c.length).join(".");this.setCookieString(e,t,d,u,r);var p=this.getCookie(e,n);if(p&&p===t)return u}return s},et.prototype.deleteCookie=function(e,t,i){void 0===i&&(i=!1),this.setCookie(e,"",0,t,i)},et.prototype.getCookie=function(e,t){if(this.cookiesEnabled)for(var i=0,n=(t||document).cookie.split(";");i<n.length;i++){var o=n[i],r=o.substr(0,o.indexOf("=")).replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,""),s=o.substr(o.indexOf("=")+1);if(r===e)return decodeURIComponent(s)}},et.prototype.setCookieString=function(e,t,i,n,o){if(this.cookiesEnabled){var r=e+"="+encodeURIComponent(t)+";"+i+";";n&&""!==n&&(r+="domain=."+n+";"),o.cookie=r+"path=/"}},et);function et(e){this.cookiesEnabled=this.checkTcfPurposeOne(e)}var tt=(it.prototype.initializeServices=function(){var n=this;this.initializing=!0,this.retrievePrivacyConsent(function(e,t){var i={localStorageHelper:new me(n.topFrame,t),gdprConsent:t,ccpaConsentProvider:n.ccpaConsentProvider,ccpaConsent:e,cookieHelper:new $e(t)};n.services=i,n.initialized=!0,n.initializing=!1,n.postInitiliazeServicesCallbacks.forEach(function(e){e(i)})})},it.prototype.getServicesAsync=function(e){this.initialized?e(this.services):(this.postInitiliazeServicesCallbacks.push(e),this.initializing||this.initializeServices())},it.prototype.retrievePrivacyConsent=function(t){var e=this.tcfCompatibleConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve(),i=this.ccpaConsentProvider.readyToRetrieve();e||i||t(void 0,void 0);var n,o,r=[];e&&r.push(Ye),i&&r.push(Ge),e&&this.tcfCompatibleConsentProvider.retrieveConsent(function(e){r.splice(r.indexOf("TCF"),1),0===r.length?t(o,e):n=e}),i&&this.ccpaConsentProvider.retrieveConsent(function(e){r.splice(r.indexOf("CCPA"),1),0===r.length?t(e,n):o=e})},it);function it(e,t,i,n){this.initializing=!1,this.initialized=!1,this.postInitiliazeServicesCallbacks=[],this.topFrame=e||window;var o,r=(o=n,{uspApiTimeout:parseInt("50",10),tcfTimeout:parseInt("10000",10),tcfPingTimeout:Math.min(parseInt("10000",10),parseInt("50",10)),tcfPingDelay:Math.min(parseInt("10000",10),parseInt("1000",10)),cmpAutoDetect:null==o?void 0:o.cmpAutoDetect});this.ccpaConsentProvider=t||new Ge(window,r,M.Warning);var s=new Je(window,r,M.Warning),a=new Ze(window,r,M.Warning);this.tcfCompatibleConsentProvider=i||new Ye(s,a,M.Warning),this.initializeServices()}var nt,ot=(e(rt,nt=h),rt.prototype.getMetricBuilder=function(){return this.metricBuilder},rt.prototype.eval=function(e){this.evalWithTimeout(e,void 0)},rt.prototype.evalWithTimeout=function(t,i){var n=this;(this.serviceProvider||new tt).getServicesAsync(function(e){n.metricsManager||(n.metricsManager=new j(e.localStorageHelper)),n.metricBuilder||(n.metricBuilder=new k(n.metricsManager)),n.innerEval(t,n.metricBuilder,e.gdprConsent,e.ccpaConsent,i)})},rt.prototype.innerEval=function(n,o,r,s,e){var a=this,d=te(),t=rt.getCriteoAdapterBidRequest(),i=rt.getRequestAuctionStart(t),c=e||le(t&&t.timeout),l=new se(o,i,c),u=new Q(this.slots,n.context,this.urlBuilder,this.profileId,this.integrationMode,this.networkId,this.adapterVersion,{ccpaIabConsent:s,gdprConsent:r},void 0,this.viewportComputer,c,d,n.context.userIds,Math.round(new Date/1e3));if(!u.isValid()||"undefined"==typeof JSON)return M.Debug("Request ignored because it doesnt contain any slot"),void this.callbackError(void 0,void 0);var p=u.getRequest(),h=JSON.stringify(p),v=u.getUrl(),g=new ke(v,h,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");l.sendRequest(v),g.send(function(e){try{l.requestReceived();var t=F(e)||{},i=ee(t);void 0!==a.callbackSuccess&&a.callbackSuccess(JSON.stringify(t),i),l.finish(),!0===t.user_sync&&Ne.execUserSync(n.context.remoteLogging,r,s,t),o.getMetricsManager().sendEvents(o,d,!0)}catch(e){a.reportAsyncRequestException(n,"onSuccess",e)}n.context.remoteLogging.sendErrorReport(a.urlBuilder,d),a.metricBuilder=void 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<title>Beautiful Soup Tutorial - Tutorialspoint</title>
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<h1>Beautiful Soup Tutorial</h1>
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<p>In this tutorial, we will show you, how to perform web scraping in Python using Beautiful Soup 4 for getting data out of HTML, XML and other markup languages. In this we will try to scrap webpage from various different websites (including IMDB). We will cover beautiful soup 4, python basic tools for efficiently and clearly navigating, searching and parsing HTML web page. We have tried to cover almost all the functionalities of Beautiful Soup 4 in this tutorial. You can combine multiple functionalities introduced in this tutorial into one bigger program to capture multiple meaningful data from the website into some other sub-program as input.</p>
<h1>Audience</h1>
<p>This tutorial is basically designed to guide you in scarping a web page. Basic requirement of all this is to get meaningful data out of huge unorganized set of data. The target audience of this tutorial can be anyone of:</p>
<ul class="list">
<li><p>Anyone who wants to know – how to scrap webpage in python using BeautifulSoup 4.</p></li>
<li><p>Any data science developer/enthusiasts or anyone, how wants to use this scraped (meaningful) data to different python data science libraries to make better decision.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1>Prerequisites</h1>
<p>Though there is NO mandatory requirement to have for this tutorial. However, if you have any or all (supercool) prior knowledge on any below mentioned technologies that will be an added advantage −</p>
<ul class="list">
<li><p>Knowledge of any web related technologies (HTML/CSS/Document object Model etc.).</p></li>
<li><p>Python Language (as it is the python package).</p></li>
<li><p>Developers who have any prior knowledge of scraping in any language.</p></li>
<li><p>Basic understanding of HTML tree structure.</p></li>
</ul>
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</iframe></Strong>
# Attributes (tag.attrs)
attribute1 = BeautifulSoup('<div class="TutorialsP"></div>', 'lxml')
tag2 = attribute1.div
print(tag2['class'])
['TutorialsP']
tag2['class'] = 'Online Learning'
tag2['style'] = 'background-color:red'
print(tag2)
<div class="Online Learning" style="background-color:red"></div>
del tag2['style']
print(tag2)
<div class="Online Learning"></div>
print(soup.p.prettify())
<p> In this tutorial, we will show you, how to perform web scraping in Python using Beautiful Soup 4 for getting data out of HTML, XML and other markup languages. In this we will try to scrap webpage from various different websites (including IMDB). We will cover beautiful soup 4, python basic tools for efficiently and clearly navigating, searching and parsing HTML web page. We have tried to cover almost all the functionalities of Beautiful Soup 4 in this tutorial. You can combine multiple functionalities introduced in this tutorial into one bigger program to capture multiple meaningful data from the website into some other sub-program as input. </p>
print(attribute1.prettify())
<html> <body> <div class="Online Learning"> </div> </body> </html>
print(attribute1.div.prettify())
<div class="Online Learning"> </div>
# Navigating by Tags
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>Tutorials Point</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b></p>
<p class="prog">Top 5 most used Programming Languages are:
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" class="prog" id="link1">Java</a>,
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" class="prog" id="link2">C</a>,
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" class="prog" id="link3">Python</a>,
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" class="prog" id="link4">JavaScript</a> and
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" class="prog" id="link5">C</a>;
as per online survey.</p>
<p class="prog">Programming Languages</p>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')
soup.html.prettify()
'<html>\n <head>\n <title>\n Tutorials Point\n </title>\n </head>\n <body>\n <p class="title">\n <b>\n The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It\'s all Free\n </b>\n </p>\n <p class="prog">\n Top 5 most used Programming Languages are:\n <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">\n Java\n </a>\n ,\n <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">\n C\n </a>\n ,\n <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">\n Python\n </a>\n ,\n <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">\n JavaScript\n </a>\n and\n <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">\n C\n </a>\n ;\nas per online survey.\n </p>\n <p class="prog">\n Programming Languages\n </p>\n </body>\n</html>'
print(soup.html.prettify())
<html>
<head>
<title>
Tutorials Point
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title">
<b>
The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free
</b>
</p>
<p class="prog">
Top 5 most used Programming Languages are:
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">
Java
</a>
,
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">
C
</a>
,
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">
Python
</a>
,
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">
JavaScript
</a>
and
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">
C
</a>
;
as per online survey.
</p>
<p class="prog">
Programming Languages
</p>
</body>
</html>
print(soup.a)
<a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>
Htag = soup.head
print(Htag.contents)
[<title>Tutorials Point</title>]
Ttag = Htag.contents[0]
print(Ttag)
<title>Tutorials Point</title>
print(Ttag.contents)
['Tutorials Point']
print(len(Ttag))
1
print(len(Ttag.contents[0]))
15
text = Ttag.contents[0]
print(Ttag.contents)
['Tutorials Point']
for child in Htag.children:
print(child)
<title>Tutorials Point</title>
for child in Ttag.children:
print(child)
Tutorials Point
# descendants
for child in Htag.descendants:
print(child)
<title>Tutorials Point</title> Tutorials Point
print(len(list(soup.children)))
2
print(len(list(soup.descendants)))
33
# Strings
print(Ttag.string)
Tutorials Point
for string in soup.strings:
print(repr(string))
'\n' 'Tutorials Point' '\n' '\n' "The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free" '\n' 'Top 5 most used Programming Languages are:\n' 'Java' ',\n' 'C' ',\n' 'Python' ',\n' 'JavaScript' ' and\n' 'C' ';\nas per online survey.' '\n' 'Programming Languages' '\n'
# Searching the Tree
print(soup.find_all('p'))
[<p class="title"><b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b></p>, <p class="prog">Top 5 most used Programming Languages are: <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">C</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">Python</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">JavaScript</a> and <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">C</a>; as per online survey.</p>, <p class="prog">Programming Languages</p>]
print(soup.find_all(True))
[<html><head><title>Tutorials Point</title></head> <body> <p class="title"><b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b></p> <p class="prog">Top 5 most used Programming Languages are: <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">C</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">Python</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">JavaScript</a> and <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">C</a>; as per online survey.</p> <p class="prog">Programming Languages</p> </body></html>, <head><title>Tutorials Point</title></head>, <title>Tutorials Point</title>, <body> <p class="title"><b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b></p> <p class="prog">Top 5 most used Programming Languages are: <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">C</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">Python</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">JavaScript</a> and <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">C</a>; as per online survey.</p> <p class="prog">Programming Languages</p> </body>, <p class="title"><b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b></p>, <b>The Biggest Online Tutorials Library, It's all Free</b>, <p class="prog">Top 5 most used Programming Languages are: <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">C</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">Python</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">JavaScript</a> and <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">C</a>; as per online survey.</p>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_overview.htm" id="link1">Java</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm" id="link2">C</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm" id="link3">Python</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_overview.htm" id="link4">JavaScript</a>, <a class="prog" href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/index.htm" id="link5">C</a>, <p class="prog">Programming Languages</p>]
for tag in soup.find_all(True):
print(tag.name)
html head title body p b p a a a a a p
All HTML or XML documents are written in some specific encoding like ASCII or UTF-8. However, when you load that HTML/XML document into BeautifulSoup, it has been converted to Unicode.
# Comparing Objects for Equality
markup = "<p>Learn Python and <b>Java</b> and advanced <b>Java</b>! from Tutorialspoint</p>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser")
first_b, second_b = soup.find_all('b')
print(first_b == second_b)
True
print(first_b.previous_element == second_b.previous_element)
False
print(first_b is second_b)
False
Remaining portion is SoupStrainer